wombat1138 (![[personal profile]](https://www.dreamwidth.org/img/silk/identity/user.png)
wombat1138) wrote2008-11-19 12:33 am
wombat1138) wrote2008-11-19 12:33 am
Entry tags:
Rurouni Hinin?
Some possible sociological background for Shinta's gravedigging volunteerism and choice of tombstonesticks, excerpted from this discursion on the "untouchable" undercastes of Japan:
And another interesting note, if one takes "Seisouhen" into account:
As well as this illuminating factoid about Kenshin's cohorts:
...I have a persistent feeling that while someone really ought to write fic that takes this sort of info into account, religious issues are just too much of a hot potato.
Much like day laborers in modern Japan, those who were marginalized ended up doing the “3-D” jobs (dirty, difficult and dangerous) that society needed done but which nobody wanted to do. One such job was the disposing of dead bodies — a particularly “defiling” task. (And in the context of that ancient worldview, there was thus a second level of “3-D” — defiling, demeaning and despised!)
These marginalized [persons] were further categorized into two separate groups that later became known by the very derogatory terms of “hinin” (非人), literally “non-human,” and “eta” (穢多), literally, “defilement abundant.” The first basic distinction to be made was that between the disposal of the carcasses of dead animals and the bodies of dead humans, since the latter involved rituals of mourning and dignified burials. “Kiyome” who specialized in the handling of dead humans were the group from which the “hinin” category developed, while those that dealt with dead animals became the “eta.”
The category of “hinin,” however, included those who were ostracized for reasons other than being associated with “defiling” occupations. It was often a form of punishment, and those who became “hinin” for such a reason could return to their original status in regular society if certain conditions were met within a maximum of 10 years. Needless to say, that was not a common pattern, and so once demoted, they were basically stuck there, and their children had no way out at all — unless they were successful at leaving one area and infiltrating into another with a bogus identity.
During the first few decades of the 1600’s, an estimated 200 to 300 thousand “Kirishitan” were martyred, many of them being beheaded for refusing to renounce their faith by stepping on the “fumie” (踏絵, “stepping picture” — a carved representation of Christ or of Mary and the baby Jesus people were forced to step on to show they were not followers of this foreign — and therefore “defiling” — religion). The former Christians (those who stepped on the “fumie”) were still held in suspicion, however, and so it was not as though they were allowed back into regular society with a clean slate. They were still ostracized, and so the net result was that at least a large percentage of them became “hinin.” One contemporary record listed 2000 “hinin” in one section of Ōsaka, and recorded that of those, 920 were “Kirishitan.”
And another interesting note, if one takes "Seisouhen" into account:
Another reason for the large numbers, in addition to persecuted Christians becoming “hinin,” was that one reason many people had been made “hinin” in the first place was because of “defiling” skin diseases and the like. While actual “leprosy” (now known as “Hansen’s Disease”) certainly existed, many other skin disorders were simply lumped together with it. Since these conditions were considered to be curses placed on such people by the gods, even the families of victims were left with no choice but to ostracize them and expel them to the outcaste “hinin” community.
As well as this illuminating factoid about Kenshin's cohorts:
Basically, all foreigners were viewed as being inferior “barbarians,” and so in 1863, the Chōshū authorities decided to offer young, healthy “eta” men a chance to earn their way out of their inferior status by serving in a special military wing to “fight off the barbarians.” In 1866, however, when the Tokugawa Shogunate forces attacked the Chōshū forces, it was this regiment of “eta” soldiers that performed brilliantly to defeat the shogunate forces, and this fact was clear to all involved.
...I have a persistent feeling that while someone really ought to write fic that takes this sort of info into account, religious issues are just too much of a hot potato.
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Despite the ban, some covert Christians did manage to retain some form of their faith, usually in small, remote villages in the south of Japan (I'll have to crossref vs. areas where the madder plant was cultivated, wrt the particular hi in "Himura"); some of them demonstrated subtle defiance by choosing heraldic kamon emblems or other decorative motifs that contained a "hidden cross" with four perpendicular arms.
It seems to fit in with something
I can't determine whether there's any caste correlation with red hair-- and the Shogunate enforced extremely xenophobic anti-miscegenation policies about Western merchants mixing with the local girls, as well as Japanese travellers abroad who attempted to bring back brides from elsewhere in Asia-- and afaik so far, natural red hair in Japan seems to be linked more to the northern end of the country, via ancestry from the indigenous Ainu or Russian traders.
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It's great how you can still find details that make the story even more rounded than it was at the beginning.
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Thank you!
A bit off-topic: have you read the dilogy by Takashi Matsuoka - Cloud of Sparrows (2002) and Autumn Bridge (2004)? I've discovered the existence of 'eta'caste and some peculiar details of the society system of medieval Japan from these books. Bу the way, breathtakingly interesting, gripping and - what's more - historically accurate.
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